Effect Of Terramycin And Copper On The Growth Of Turkeys

Studies on the use of feed additives has occupied much attention at this research center. Addition of 60 ppm copper (Cu) has been shown to improve growth rate of turkeys up to 8 weeks of age, while 120 ppm Cu depressed growth at this age, presumably due to inhibition of the utilization of sulfur amino acids. Our previous study (POULTRY 82-2) has also shown that Terramycin at 80 g per ton improved rate of gain up to 12 weeks of age. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of a combination of Neomycin and Terramycin (Neo-Terramycin) and copper on the growth of turkeys

Developing Prognostic Models Using Duality Principles for DC-to-DC Converters

Within the field of Integrated System Health Management, there is still a lack of technological approaches suitable for the creation of adequate prognostic model for large applications whereby a number of similar or even identical subsystems and components are used. Existing similarity among a number of different systems, which are comprised of similar components but with different topologies, can be employed to assign the prognostics of one system to other systems using an inference engine. In the process of developing prognostics, this approach will thereby save resources and time. This paper presents a radically novel approach for building prognostic models based on system similarity in cases where duality principle in electrical systems is utilized. In this regard, unified damage model is created based on standard Tee/Pi models, prognostics model based on transfer functions, and remaining useful life (RUL) estimator based on how energy relaxation time of system is changed due to degradation. An advantage is that the prognostic model can be generalized such that a new system could be developed on the basis and principles of the prognostic model of other systems. Simple electronic circuits, dc-to-dc converters, are to be used as an experiment to exemplify the potential success of the proposed technique validated with prognostics models from particle filter

Effect Of Copper On The Sulfur Amino Acid Requirements Of Turkeys

Copper as copper sulfate is often used as a growth promoter and crop mold growth preventative in turkey diets. Addition of 120 ppm copper to turkey diets in a previous study caused a slight decrease in body weights at 8 and 16 weeks of age when the diets contained 75, 85 or 100% of the NRG (1977) recommended sulfur-containing amino acid levels. This level of copper was suspected to decrease sulfur amino acid (S-AA) utilization and cause growth depression. Thus, a factorial experiment was designed to determine the effect of three different levels of copper (60, 120 or 240 ppm) on the growth rate of turkeys as affected by three different levels (75, 100 or 125% of NRG) of S-AA

Reliability enhanced EV using pattern recognition techniques

The following paper will contribute to the development of novel data transmission techniques from an IVHM perspective so that Electrical Vehicles (EV) will be able to communicate semantically by directly pointing out to the worst failure/threat scenarios. This is achieved by constructing an image-based data communication in which the data that is monitored by a vast number of different sensors are collected as images; and then, the meaningful failure/threat objects are transmitted among a number of EVs. The meanings of these objects that are clarified for each EV by a set of training patterns are semantically linked from one to other EVs through the similarities that the EVs share. This is a similar approach to wellknown image compression and retrieval techniques, but the difference is that the training patterns, codebook, and codewords within the different EVs are not the same. Hence, the initial image that is compressed at the transmitter side does not exactly match the image retrieved at the receiver's side; as it concerns both EVs semantically that mainly addresses the worst risky scenarios. As an advantage, connected EVs would require less number of communication channels to talk together while also reducing data bandwidth as it only sends the similarity rates and tags of patterns instead of sending the whole initial image that is constructed from various sensors, including cameras. As a case study, this concept is applied to DC-DC converters which refer to a system that presents one of the major problems for EVs

Focus on 14 sewage treatment plants in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa in order to gauge the efficiency of wastewater treatment

In order to identify the treatment methods used in different sewage treatment plants (STPs) in the Mpumalanga Province and to determine the efficiency of wastewater treatment by these plants,municipal STPs were surveyed, and raw and treated wastewater samples collected. A total of 14 STPs were visited and the collected samples were analysed for physicochemical and microbiologicalparameters using standard methods. The treatment methods identified included ponds, activated sludge and trickling filters. The reduction of turbidity by the plants varied between 6.2 and 99.6% whileconductivity, pH and temperature varied slightly between the influent and the effluent wastewater. Thirteen (92.8%) of the plants used chlorine for disinfection of the final effluent, however only 2 (14.2%)of the plants managed to produce effluent with 0 (zero) faecal coliforms per 100 m. Common pathogenic bacteria isolated from the final effluent included Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio spp. and Enterococcus spp. The final effluent was used for irrigation and recycling purposes in 4 plants, all the other treatment plants discharged the effluent into the river or to the environment. Thepresent study indicated that there is a move toward the renovation of wastewater treatment by the municipalities in the Mpumalanga Province with the adoption of biological treatment. All the STPs reduced the turbidity of wastewater as well as the different microbial indicators counts; however, several pathogenic bacterial organisms could still be detected in the final effluent. Further studies are needed to confirm the role of the treatment procedures on nutrient reduction and elimination of other viral and parasitic pathogens by the sewage treatment plants

Activity profiles of fourteen selected medicinal plants from Rural Venda communities in South Africa against fifteen clinical bacterial species

Fourteen plants used in traditional medicine in the Venda region of South Africa were screened for activity against fifteen bacterial species. Methanol, acetone and hexane extracts and in some cases essential oils were tested using the disc diffusion and the microdilution methods. Most of the extractswere active against at least one bacterial species. Methanol and acetone extracts were the most active while Gram positive bacteria were the most sensitive as compared to Gram negative bacteria. This study has revealed the strong in vitro activity of Syzigium cordatum, Peltophorum africanum,Rhoicissus tridentata, Bridelia micrantha and Ximenia caffra against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Essential oils of Lippia javanica was also effective against most of the bacterial species studied. However, Pouzolzia mixta and Mucuna coriaceae showed less activity. Some plants were more active than commercial antibiotics. This study is the first to test the activity of the selected plants from the Venda region against such number of bacterial isolates and justifies their use by local traditional healers. The identification of the active components of the plants and the determination of the effect of these plants on the immune system will give more information on their activity. Finally, these results may be of importance in identifying candidate plants and essential oils for eventual drug design and other therapeutic purposes, respectively

Effect of Feed Additives on the Growth of Turkeys

The use of feed additives is a common practice for almost all species of animals raised under man\u27s control. Addition of 60 ppm copper as copper sulfate to turkey diets improved growth rate to 8 weeks of age when low protein diets were used (POULTRY 81-2). This level of copper (60 ppm) along with Neo-Terramycin and Bacitracin was used in a factorial experiment to compare copper (Cu) and these two antibiotic supplements on the growth rate of turkeys receiving low or high protein diets

Prevalence, Haemolytic and Haemagglutination Activities and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Human Diarrhoeal Stools in Vhembe District, South Africa

Campylobacter species are increasingly being recognized as agents of gastroenteritis worldwide. However, data on the pathogenic characteristics of the organism isolated in rural communities in South Africa are lacking. In this study, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal stools, haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities of the isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility profiles, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) patterns to different antibiotics, were determined using the standard microbiological techniques. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from individuals of all age-groups; however, the infection rate was higher among individuals aged less than two years (30.4%). Of 115 Campylobacter strains isolated, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that 98 (85%) were C. jejuni, while 17 (15%) were C. coli. Seventy-one (62%) of the strains showed haemolysis on human blood, and 80% agglutinated human blood, whereas 22.6% were β-lactamase-positive. Resistance to antimicrobials, such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and fusidic acid, was high. Increased resistance to macrolide and quinolone antibiotics poses major risks for treatment failure. Haemolytic and haemagglutinating activities may be useful in preliminary characterization of pathogenic strains in settings where Campylobacter-associated infections are common